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Glossary

(A to M)

From the EditorHistory of BuddhismTemples





(N to Z)

Pronunciation in Sanskrit  

Abhidjanas
(see Six abilities)

Affliction
Pain, distress and suffering that disturb the body and mind.

Alaya  

Data base for all our good & bad deeds in the past and present, or in other words, it is our credit & debit account book, the only thing we can carry over to our next life.
(also see Eight Perception)


Anuttara Samyak Sambodhi
Stage or level to obtain Buddhahood.

Arhat
Oh-lo-han
A stage or level before Bodhisattva.

Appearance
see Laksana Vyajana

Attachments

The cause of suffering. The practitioner's mind cannot be fully liberated unless every attachment is totally severed.



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Bodhi heart
Bodhi-citta
Mind of awakening, the great compassion and sincere mind.

Bhiksu
An ordained Buddhist monk.

Bhiksuni
An ordained Buddhist nun.

top Bodhisattva
Po Shat

A stage or level below the Buddha, who has vowed to search for Supreme Enlightenment to help oneself and all Sentient Beings.
There are 52 stages or levels of attainment before one attains Buddha-hood. The 41st to 50th level represent the Ten Grounds .


Bodhisattva Names
Avalokitesvara  
(Kun-sai-yin Po Shat - Goddess of Mercy)

Akashagarbha

Kshitgarbha  
(Earth Treasury Bodhisattva) 
(Ti-chong-wong Po Shat)

Kumara Sudhanama  
(Sin-Cha Po Shat)

Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattva
(Tai-sai-chi Po Shat)

Maitreya
(Lei-luk Po Shat)

Manjushri
(Man-shu-si-lei-fat Wong Tze)

Nagarjuna

Padmapani

Samantabharda
(Po-yin Po Shat)

Sarvanivaranavis

Vajra sattva

Buddha
(Fa)
top The one who attains the perfect stage of enlightenment, awareness and understanding

Buddha Names
Amitabha  
(Ah-may-tall Fa)  
Buddha from Western Paradise - see Pure land

Amoghasiddhi



Bhaisajyaguru

(Yok-shi-lau-lei-kwong Yue Loi)

(Medicine Buddha)






Dipamkara

Vairocana -- Sakygarbha
(Sik-ka-mo-lei Fa) (see History of Buddhism)

Other names:


Bei-lo-tse-la Fa



Tai-yat Yue Loi












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Ch'an or Zen 
Dhyana
One of the WAYS to cultivate the search for enlightenment.

Citta
The Mind (heart)

Concentration
(see Samadhi)



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Dana
Generosity

Dasabhadra  
(Ten worthy deeds or good-deeds)

1) No killing
2) No stealing
3) No committing adultery / avoid sexual misconduct
4) No telling lies
5) No slandering / no bearing false witness
6) No frivolous talk / no seductive words
7) No rude or harsh speech / no abusive language
8) No Greed
9) No anger and hatred
10) No ignorance

Dasakusala
(Ten evil deeds)
top Doing the opposite of the Dasabhadra (ten-worthy deeds)

Devata
Celestial beings

Dharma
Buddhist teaching, guidelines, doctrine or principles.

Diamond Sutra
Vajracchedika Sutra
(see Sutra)

Dukkha
Suffering, sadness or sorrow.



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Eight Winds
Astha Loka Dharma
1) Labha 
Gain, profit
2) Alabha
Loss, beating, set back, defeat
3) Yasas
Reputation, status, fame
4) Ayasas
Insulting, destructive
5) Prasams
Praise and speak well of others 
top 6) Prasams
Blame, taking pleasure in others misfortune.
7) Sukha  
Happiness, pleasure
8) Duhkha
Suffering, agony, grief

Eight Perception / Consciousness
Astha Parijnana
1) Caksur-Vijnana
Eye consciousness or aware
2) Srota Vijnana
Ear consciousness or aware
3) Ghrana-Vijnana
Nose consciousness or aware
4) Jihva-Vijnana
Tongue consciousness or aware
5) Kaya-Vijnana
Body consciousness or aware
6) Mano-Vijnana 
Mind consciousness or aware
7) Klista-Mano-Vijnana  
Discriminating / Constructive consciousness or aware
8) Alaya-Vijnana

Data base or a "store" for all our good & bad deeds (all 'seeds' of consciousness) in the past and present, or in other words, it is our credit & debit account book, it is the only thing we can carry over to our next life.

Eightfold Path
Marga
1) Samyak-drsti 
Right understanding
2) Samyak-samkalpa
Right thought
3) Samyak-vac
Right speech
4) Samyak-karmanta
Right action or deed
5) Samyak-ajiva
Right livelihood
6) Samyak-vyayama
Right effort, progress
7) Samyak-smrti  
Right remembrance, thinking
8) Samyak-samadhi
Right meditation, concentration



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Five Deadly Offences
Panchanantarya Karma

1) killing their parents or others.
2) Causing Buddha to bleed
3) Killing Arhat
4) Stealing Monastery's property.
5) Pretending to be a monk to con people, causing disruption to unity of the Monastery, temple or Sangha (monks).


Four Holly Places of Buddhism
1) Buddha Gaya
2) Lumbini 
3) Sarnath
4) Kusinara

Five Aggregates
Pancaskandha
1) Rupa  
Form, appearance 
2) Vindana
Sensation; feeling
3) Sanjna
Perception, thinking
4) Samskara
Volitional activities
5) Vijnana
top Consciousness

Five Desires
1) Wealth 
2) Sex
3) Food & drink
4) Fame
5) Sleep

Five Poisons
1) Devesa
Anger; hatred
2) Vicikitsa
Suspicion; doubt
3) Lobham
Greed
4) Mana
Pride
5) Moham
top Ignorance

Four "Divine States of Mind"
Brahma Vihara
1) Maitri  
kind-heartedness
2) Karuna
Compassion, sympathy
3) Mudita
Joy, happyness
4) Upeksa
Give away, share worldly goods

Four Elements
Mahabhuta
1) Prathivi
Earth - solid
2) Apas
Water - liquid, wet
3) Tejas
Fire - heat, warm
4) Vayas
top Wind - motion, movement

Four Noble Truths
Catvari Arya Satyani
1) Duhkha  
Suffering, pain
2) Samudaya
Cause of Suffering
3) Nirodha
Cessation or pause
4) Marga
Path, the Noble Eightfold Path

Four Inhabited Continents in our galaxy
Catur Dvipa
1) Jambu Dvipa  
Eastern continent 
2) Purva Videha
Southern continent 
3) Apara Godaniya
Western continent 
4) Uttara Kuru
Northern continent 

Four Universal Vows of a Buddha or Bodhisattva
1) To save all living-beings without limit
2) To put an end to all passions and delusions
3) To study & learn all methods of Dharma
4) To become perfect in the Supreme Buddha Dharma



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Good Deed 
Bahukayani
Doing good-deeds without intent.

Great Vehicle
Mahayana

This is the teaching for the Bodhisattva; their priority is to use every available means to help all Sentient Beings without condition, and their own wish to become Buddha will be put last.
There are 52 stages or levels of attainment before one attains Buddha-hood. The 41st to 50th levels represent the Ten Grounds.


Guru
Master; teacher; highest one, spiritual master



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Hinayana
(see Small Vehicle)

Hetupratyaya
Cause and Effect



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Kalpa
1 Kalpa or Aeon = 168,000 years
(more information - see Time)

Karma
Consequences from our thoughts, speech, deeds and behavior. Can be an effect from cause.

Karuna  
Compassion

Kshanti
Patience, forbearance, tolerance

Kusalam
Merit



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Laksana Vyajana
(Appearance)
Sublime features.

Laukika
Worldly



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Mahayana
(see Great Vehicle)

Maha
Great

Mantra
Chanting / hymn / tune

Measurement Unit
Koti / Nayuta
Units for counting which is larger than a trillion.

Meditation
(see Ch'an)

Moham
Ignorance



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(N to Z)